Herman Melvilles Bartleby The Scrivener Is Perhaps More Relevant Toda

Herman Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener is maybe more applicable today than when he composed it in 1853. Bartleby is the record of a skilled youthful scrivener who has incredible ability and potential in his vocation of copying and making reports. The story takes us to the upscale Wall Street zone of New York City, among the structures and law workplaces of the city. The youthful Bartleby is tossed into the run of the mill office drudgery related with the kind of work he was looking for. The topic of the story addresses why we do, what we do, when we go to work. Likewise the subject of for what reason do we feel certain things are simply expected of oneself when we decide to enter business. When Bartleby accepted the position of a scrivener it was comprehended that notwithstanding recording reports, one likewise is answerable for the altering and editing of their own and others' work. Be that as it may, Bartleby had various desires for himself and his work. Bartleby's conduct addresses all that is believed to be all inclusive conduct while at work. Bartleby buckled down, never taking breaks or in any event, returning home. These parts of Bartleby were seen as impossible to miss by his boss and colleagues, yet were not bothersome characteristics. Bartleby likewise minded his own business more often than not, and didn't engage with workplace issues or issues. In the same way as other new representatives, Bartleby had a little mutual office close to the chief with the goal that he could be checked. A correlation with life by the present office representatives caught in little work spaces could be made. The sentiment of security isn't there, and one could nearly feel overpowered with just with their work and a little work area. These conditions may have weighed intensely on Bartleby, making him not feel truly amiable with the others in the workplace. The life of drudgery as a scrivener became fatigued on Bartleby. The odd conduct communicated by Bartleby proceeded until one day in a demonstration of insubordination he said the words; ?I would favor not to.? He was alluding to the solicitation by his manager the alter his duplicate. The chief, stunned by this disobedient conduct and amenably asked once more, and drew a similar reaction from Bartleby; ?I would lean toward not to.? His manager expected this was a transitory issue with Bartleby and accepted that it would spend in a day or somewhere in the vicinity. His collaborators saw his activity as odd, and even proposed as ?crazy? by one laborer. His expression presently expended each discussion he had with those in the workplace. His standard reaction to a solicitation by somebody in his office was; ? I would incline toward not to.? These expressions of disobedience in the long run prompted Bartleby's excusal from his activity, and when requested to leave he declined to. This in the long run prompted his supervisor being compelled to forsake his office in that building and move to another. His supervisor felt this would end the entirety of his issues with Bartleby and he could go on with his life and business. In any case, Bartleby couldn't leave his brain. He was baffled by the whole circumstance. The expression, ? I would incline toward not to.?, isn't acknowledged in the working environment of at that point or today. It is gotten that while we are grinding away certain things are anticipated from you, paying little mind to what you would prefer to do. When Bartleby expressed those words he conflicted with all that is expected by being utilized. Bartleby painstakingly picked his words while being disobedient. In the event that he would have basically said no, it would be seen as plain obliviousness. Nonetheless, the expression; ?I would lean toward not to.? infers that he had placed idea into his reaction and has motivation to be disobedient. In the present universe of disappointed representatives taking automatic weapons to work to take care of issues, it is fascinating to check whether talking the expressions of Bartleby the Scrivener would be similarly as successful.

HARTMANN Surname Meaning and Family History

HARTMANN Surname Meaning and Family History Hartmann started as a patronymic last name taken from the German first name Hartmann, which means courageous man. From the Germanic component hard, which means courageous and tough, joined with mann, or man. Hartmann may likewise have started now and again as an elaboration on the German last name Hart or Hardt, either aâ topographic name for somebody who lived by woods utilized as field, from the Middle High German hart or aâ nickname significance stag, from the Middle Low German hã «rte, harte.â Hartmannâ is the 25th most basic German family name. Family name Origin: German Exchange Surname Spellings: HARTMAN, HARDTMANN Popular People with the HARTMANN Surname Erich Alfred Hartmann -WWII German warrior pilotPhilip Edward Phil Hartman -  Canadian-American on-screen character, entertainer, screenwriter and realistic artistJohan Peter Emilius Hartmannâ -Danish author and organistWilliam M. Hartmann -  American physicist and psychoacousticianRichard Hartmann - German designing maker Where is the HARTMANN Surname Most Common? As per last name appropriation from Forebears, the Hartmann surname is generally basic in Germany, positioning as the countrys 21st most normal family name, trailed by Switzerland, where it positions 64th. It is likewise fairly basic in Denmark, Austria and Liechtenstein. WorldNames PublicProfiler shows the Hartmann last name is normal all through Germany, just as in eastern Austria and western Hungary. Last name maps from Verwandt.de demonstrate the Hartmann last name is generally normal in western Germany, particularly in the provinces or urban areas of Berlin, Region Hannover, Munich, Hamburg, Hildesheim, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Frankfurt am Main, Lahn-Dill-Kreis, Cologne and Siegen-Wittgenstein.â Parentage Resources for the Surname HARTMANN Implications of Common German SurnamesUncover the significance of your German last name with this free manual for the implications and sources of normal German family names. Hartmann Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is nothing of the sort as a Hartmannâ family peak or emblem for the Hartmann surname. Coats of arms are conceded to people, not families, and may legitimately be utilized uniquely by the continuous male line relatives of the individual to whom the ensign was initially allowed. Hartman DNA Surname ProjectIndividuals with the Hartmanâ surname, and varieties, for example, Hartmann, Hardman, Hartney, Hartkoph, Hartfield, etc.â are welcomed to partake in this gathering DNA venture trying to study Hartmann family causes. The site remembers data for the venture, the examination done to date, and directions on the best way to take an interest. HARTMANN Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is centered around relatives of Hartmannâ ancestors around the globe. FamilySearch - HARTMANN GenealogyExplore over 1.4â million outcomes from digitizedâ historical records and heredity connected family trees identified with the Hartmann last name on this free site facilitated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HARTMANN Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for scientists of the Hartmannâ surname and its varieties incorporates membership subtleties and an accessible chronicles of past messages. DistantCousin.com - HARTMANN Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and parentage joins for the last name Hartmann. GeneaNet - Hartmann RecordsGeneaNet incorporates chronicled records, family trees, and different assets for people with the Hartmannâ surname, with a fixation on records and families from France and other European nations. The Hartmann Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse lineage records and connections to genealogical and authentic records for people with the Hartmannâ surname from the site of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket release), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

10 Smart Cleantech Solutions to Counter Global Warming

10 Smart Cleantech Solutions to Counter Global Warming © Shutterstock.com | jorisvoIn this article, you’ll learn about 1) the problem of global warming and the role of Cleantech, 2) challenges to Cleantech adoption and investment, and 3) 10 examples of Cleantech Solutions to counter global warming.THE PROBLEM OF GLOBAL WARMING AND THE ROLE OF CLEANTECHAccording to predictions, it is believed a temperature rise of more than 2 degree centigrade is close to unavoidable and this in turn, would cause more severe weather events, precipitation changes, ocean acidification, disappearing coral reefs and sea level rises.It is obvious that renewables should take up the whole share of the international energy supply market to steer clear of the 2 degree centigrade global warming while avoiding considerable water pollution, poor human health, unreasonably high expenses, nuclear weapon proliferation and perilous waste for generations.CHALLENGES TO CLEANTECH ADOPTION AND INVESTMENTLack of a clear frameworkTo draw continuous degrees of investment int o budding clean technology industries at the minimum possible cost requires clarity to a considerably detailed degree with respect to the regulatory framework. Accomplishing that in the context of a lucid energy picture â€" which was concurred on across political parties â€" to adopt renewables and introduce the smart grid over the subsequent decades, would cause investment and innovation in these segments to thrive.Speeding up introduction of business models that transfer solutions to marketTo achieve acceleration of progress, it is necessary to examine the conditions enclosing our small and large solution providers. We will have to look at an extensive collection of novel cleantech solutions speedily scale up during the course of the next one to three decades. Comprehension of these innovation processes is essential so as to speed up growth of the “good” in harmony with the creation of national climate goals and carbon caps that look into a more speedy reduction of the “bad. ”One must take up the challenge to convey energy solutions in ways that are far smarter and innovative with the hopes of decentralized sustainable energy instead of the centralized unsustainable energy of the present.Continuous cost-cutting of chief technologies is another challenge that needs to be addressed.10 EXAMPLES OF CLEANTECH SOLUTIONS TO COUNTER GLOBAL WARMING#1. Efficient Building EnvelopeThis comprises all the constituents of a building that distinguishes the external environment from the building’s interior. This includes roofing, insulation, windows and external walls. Technological progress with respect to envelope materials has resulted in a decrease in building operating expenses. Some examples are reflective surfaces, efficient windows, air sealing and high-performance insulation. As per an estimate from The International Energy Agency, cooling and heating loads all over the world can be decreased by 40 percent solely by utilizing cost-effective building envelop e technologies. The European Union, United States and Canada are the leading markets of these materials, which are utilized worldwide.One key leader in producing cost-effective building matter is Johns Manville. This Berkshire Hathaway company’s insulation materials are utilized in retrofit as well as new construction in all kinds of sectors, including residences, hotels, medical centers, warehouses and colleges. Cool roofing products from the same company for existing as well as new commercial roofs can decrease building cooling needs and solar heat gain while ensuring flawless incorporation of solar photovoltaic into the roofing system. #2. Demand ResponseDemand Response or DR is a method that enables utilities to give customers incentives and information that persuade them to decrease energy usage at particular times of the year or day. This provides customers with more power over their energy utilization and expenses, while giving grid operators valuable solutions, such as dec rease in load during peak periods in the day when grid dependability is compromised, or electricity is costly. The United States is at the top of the international demand response market, with plans mostly established by operating entities of regional grids, called ISOs (Independent System Operators). As of 2013, the majority of demand response programs were concentrating on industrial and commercial customers. One example is EnerNOC, a principal demand response provider, and which has a contract with Salt River Project, an Arizona utility to handle a 50 MW network of commercial, institutional and industrial facilities utilizing the company’s DR technology.Decrease in peak load can cause decreased emissions owing to the fact that peaking plants are less productive than other system plants. What’s more, when there is considerable electricity demand, distribution and transmission equipment are usually less productive, leading to more system losses. There are also financial advanta ges with demand response, as these enable customer compensation for giving grid operators valuable service. By reducing peak demand, DR moderates energy expenses for all. #3. Industrial CHPIndustrial Combined Heat and Power (CHP) utilizes a single fuel, frequently natural gas, to co-develop heat and electricity for utilization in industrial operations, typically on-site. Out of 82 GW of CHP installed in the United States, 75 GW is industrial CHP. CHP can be utilized extensively within the industrial sector, though it is specifically quite suited for industries with steady, considerable thermal loads such as chemicals, forest products, pharmaceuticals and refining. The world’s first commercial power plant, namely “Thomas Edison’s Pearl Street Station” and situated in Manhattan, was a Combined Heat and Power plant. The majority of CHP utilizes natural gas, causing lower emissions than certain grid power. Other industries utilizing CHP incorporate the forest products industry, which utilizes a large degree of wood waste (such as spent pulping liquors, sawdust and bark) available at no cost. In addition, Industrial CHP enhances dependability by keeping industries insulated from disruptions in power supply.#4. Smart gridCommunications networks pertaining to the smart grid include hardware and software that facilitate the communication between and acquiring of data from smart grid technologies such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Energy consumers, energy service companies and utilities all over the country are moving to grid communications networks to assist them with monitoring energy utilization, distributed generation, integration of renewables and improved grid balancing. Gridco’s Grid Management and Analytics Platform is one example of this kind of software that facilitates analytics, data collection and remote control of the grid. With the emergence of more advanced software solutions in this field, one can expect the industry to experienc e greater adoption and considerable growth. Data analytics and management solutions pertaining to the smart grid allow utilities to better manage their energy efficiency programs, incorporate more changeable renewable resources, and reduce the requirement for electricity produced by peaking high-emitting power plants. The annual expenditure for smart grid analytics at the international level is expected to be $3.8 billion by 2020 from just $0.7 billion in 2012.#5. Voltage and volt-ampere reactive optimizationVoltage-VAR Optimization or VVO is a utility application enabled by the smart grid. The VVO directs power flow in the distribution system to boost reliability and efficiency, decrease losses in distribution, and accommodate fresh power flows, an example of which is those having their origins from distributed generation. VVO gives more accurate voltage control, decreasing the quantity of power required. An impact assessment carried out by the National Electric Manufacturers Assoc iation stated that VVO can decrease losses relating to distribution line by 2 percent to 5 percent. In addition, a DOE study of VVO came to the conclusion that it was possible to decrease losses from distribution line by over 5 percent. VVO-caused efficiency would result in evaded generation emissions. In addition, VVO technology addition assists with enhancing overall grid performance. Through the utilization of dynamic control, VVO enables distribution lines to have reduced overall voltage without affecting service quality.#6. Electric vehicles © Wikimedia commons | Matt HowardPEVs or plug-in electric vehicles are coming up as a key vehicle platform not just in the U.S. but at the international level as well. These vehicles are fully or partly powered by rechargeable batteries. They include plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) examples of which are the Toyota Prius Plug-In and the Chevy Volt which incorporate both a gasoline-powered engine and a battery, and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) examples of which are the Tesla Model S and the Nissan Leaf. PHEVs usually have electric-only ranges of approximately 20-40 miles, following which they function on gasoline just like regular hybrid vehicles. On the other hand, BEVs usually have ranges of approximately 100 to 250 miles. In spite of the fact that sales of PEVs are comparatively small, the market is increasing at a rapid pace. The sales increased from about 52,000 in 2012 to below 100,000 units the next year, in the U.S.PEVs decrease transportation-associated greenhouse gas emi ssions. This is even the case when looking at power plant emissions connected to vehicle charging. This advantage differs on the basis of the power generation mix. However, there is a net gain even in regions with considerably high electricity-associated emissions. Overnight PEV charging could also assist with boosting utilization of low-carbon off-peak generation. With complete, bi-directional grid integration, PEVs may also be utilized for energy storage, delivering functions that support grid such as load shape smoothing, power quality solutions, renewable integration and peak shaving. With the increase in size of the PEV fleet, the capacity to aggregate and supervise vehicles in a coordinated manner has the possibility to develop a major energy storage source.#7. Anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion or AD may be defined as a process through which waste matter such as industrial/municipal wastewater, food scraps and livestock manure is acted upon by microorganisms in an environ ment bereft of oxygen, breaking it down into a blend of methane and other gases, also termed “biogas”. In contrast to waste-to-energy generated from municipal solid waste, AD happens without incineration and depends on organic matter’s natural breakdown into biogas. Different kinds of digesters can be utilized, ranging from lagoons at animal farms that are covered, to above ground concrete or steel tanks. After that, the biogas can be burned to produce electricity on-site. What’s more, biogas can be purified and converted into a substance of pipeline-quality including CNG or Compressed Natural Gas for vehicles.In the United States, anaerobic digestion is commonly utilized to provide power for wastewater treatment plants, or with agricultural waste. AD is frequently used along with CHP for cost-effective heat and electricity production. The heat generated may be utilized on-site by wastewater treatment facilities and farms for heating digesters, drying biosolids, and hot wate r.Co-digestion involves the addition of grease, oils and fats to wastewater or manure to increase energy production. In addition to reduced carbon dioxide, municipalities that utilize co-digestion biogas facilities additionally gain from the use of leftover bio solids as fertilizer, and from decreasing the quantity of grease, oils and clogging fats in their waste streams. Another advantage is that the quality of water can be improved by way of ridding groundwater of disease-causing bacteria.#8. Commercial and residential building solar power © Wikimedia commonsSolar PV (photovoltaic) power systems transform sunlight straight into electricity. PV panels or modules generate direct current, which in turn gets transformed to alternating current (grid-compatible) by way of an inverter. Flat-plate PV modules are typically put up on the roofs of commercial and residential buildings. The two key PV materials utilized in modules are thin films an example for which is cadmium, and crystalline silicon. The former is frequently utilized for commercial and residential buildings owing to its associated smaller footprint and higher efficiency. Apart from supportive policies in a number of states and the improving situation of PV economics, the progress of commercial and residential solar has been stimulated by the availability of third-party funding options and enhancements in sales channels, through which owners of buildings purchase the output or lease the systems by way of a long-term PPA (power purchase agreement). The industry has succeeded in enhancing its access to capital. One example is SolarCity which in recent times earned the reputation of being the first solar company to achieve the task of securitizing its distributed solar assets. This cleared the way for lower cost solar and more abundant project capital. In the period of the last two years, approximately 200,000 U.S. businesses and homes set up rooftop solar systems (approximately 3 GW capacity), which is th e same as 1 percent of the generation capacity of an American coal plant.Multiple studies have pointed out the degree to which solar energy can successfully decrease carbon emissions. A study carried out by NREL and termed “The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study” analyzed the outcome of running the Western Interconnect with high concentrations of solar and wind. With the Western Connect gathering 33 percent of electricity from solar and wind, the study discovered that CO2 emissions can be reduced by the equivalent of 260 to 300 billion pounds each year, or 29 to 34 percent.#9. Marine powerThese technologies produce electricity from the kinetic energy enclosed in moving water such as tides, currents and waves. Wave power is created by taking advantage of variations in wave height to produce electricity. One example is a buoy tied to the sea floor. With the up and down movement of the buoy with the waves, the relative movement between the latter and the part secured to the s ea floor can be gathered to propel a generator. In areas where the undersea topography is suitable, the daily currents which ocean tides produce can be utilized to get underwater turbines moving. In areas where the tidal ranges are huge, barrages can be constructed across estuaries. Water is permitted to flow in along with the mounting tide and give out by way of low-head hydro turbines, with tide recession. Probable sea conditions, ocean depth and nearness to shore are all factors in the making of marine power technologies.As per figures from April 2014, FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) issued six initial permits for 2,200 MW of electricity and permits were awaited for 15 projects for a total of close to 3,900 MW. The Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy Project based in New York City is one permitted project expected to be over in 2015 and which will produce 1 MW of electricity.#10. Biomass powerPower plants have been using solid biomass as fuel for many decades. The main tech nology is direct combustion. Here, biomass is burned inside a boiler to produce high-pressure steam, which is utilized to get a steam turbine-generator set moving. Included among solid biomass resources are dedicated energy crops (herbaceous and woody), agricultural and logging remains and forest products residues such as spent pulping liquors, bark and sawdust. As per statistics of a year or two ago, biomass in the U.S. makes up approximately 5 percent of the total principal energy production, split around 50-50 between bio fuels production and heat/electricity generation.A biomass power plant is comparatively costly to construct when compared to plants using comparable technology for other fuels. This is owing to the fact that biomass plants are usually smaller, but still call for huge capital expenses. Yet, when fuel costs are favorable, biomass provides a practical alternative to electricity bought form the grid, or fossil fuels. Biomass is additionally, a kind of base load ener gy. One of the biggest woody biomass plants is situated in Nacogdoches County, Texas. It is powered by materials acquired with a radius of 75 miles from the plant, and it generates 100 MW of base load power.

The Industrial Revolution-Gilded Age - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 830 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Industrial Revolution Essay Did you like this example? Historians argue that the 1890s was a transformative decade or watershed decade in American history. The Gilded age coined by Mark Twain, the idea that although things appear to be good on the surface, several problems existed underneath. Mark Twain was inferring that the United States in this period did not experience an era of prosperity and happiness, but rather an era of hardship and sadness. The Gilded Age was a period of intense industrialization, which focused on the development of America, as an industrial and business powered country. During The Gilded Age there were many scientific breakthroughs, social transformations and technological innovations. This era was composed of economic growth, especially in the North and West. The Gilded Age represented the rapid expansion of industrialization, expansion of the middle class, and mass production. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Industrial Revolution-Gilded Age" essay for you Create order These new advantages only benefited upper-middle class, businesses and white men. The unskilled, uneducated, and the poor did not benefit. These improvements reinforced the faith of ordinary people in the process. Many had faith in the system but due to the growing economy and imperfect economic status, there were two economic systems that emerged. The first is Laissez-Faire, which was developed by Adam Smith. Laissez-Faire was a belief that the government should have a hands-off approach to businesses. Laissez-Faire sought to demonstrate how the unrestricted pursuit of private gain by individuals must maximize the profit of all. This process is called the invisible hand, which lets people do as they choose. The market is not man-made or invented its the invisible hand, you want to buy it, I want to sell it. Therefore the government cannot intervene. It describes a system or point of view that opposes regulation or interference by the government in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary to allow the free enterprise system to operate according to its own laws. In others words, individual as a moral and economic ideal. Which means that you were responsible for yourself and that everyone starts off on the same boat. Laissez-Faire was saying that individuals should compete freely in the marketplace where people and businesses exchange goods and services. This hands off policy by the government resulted in a weak democracy for workers. Ordinary working people did not have any power; business owners had all the power. Most people accepted that poverty and hardship were not things that the government could or should do anything about. Others believed that one competition was no doubt inequality; some would gain more than others (Week 3 Lecture Notes). This led to Social Darwinism. During the Gilded Age, large numbers of businessmen and middle-class Americans adopted the social outlook known as Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism was a misinterpretation of how natural selection and the theory of evolution worked, that was used to justify or explain a lot of the social inequalities in this time period. Social Darwinism was used to defend inequality. More or less the conflict between social groups which results in the most socially capable or fit group coming out on top as the winner, usually in influence and wealth. The thought that rich people would succeed and poor people would fail. Nature is entirely neutral; nature submits to him who most energetically and resolutely assails her. She grants her rewards to the fittest, therefore without to other considerations of any kind. (Sumner 35). The fittest are successful those who arent fit arent successful. To fix the inequality take from the rich and give to the poor this is called redistribution of wealth. Social Darwinism argues that youre poor because youre lazy and the penalty of being lazy is being poor. On that note, the government isnt responsible for you, taking peoples taxes is indeed keeping the un-fittest alive., In other words, dont take tax dollars and give it to people its not fair. The growing influence of Social Darwinism helped to popularize a negative definition of freedom as limited government and an unrestrained free market. It also helped persuade courts, in the name of liberty contract to overturn state laws regulating the behavior of corporations. Inferring that if the rich gives money to the poor, which they were willing to do, but if this happens theyll destroy liberty and economic freedom. (Week 3 Lecture Notes). The American Society was reflective of these long lasting changes. One major reflection was the working class. There were many problems associated with the working class. The working class was divided by race, religion, class and education. They lived terrible lives, nothing compared to the upper and second class. The upper-class lived a nearly perfect life. Most lived in a five-room house with a nice yard; a convenient place for children. Second-class lived with comparative comfort. Both upper and second class made enough money to support their families. However, in contrast to the working class, they were getting paid almost nothing. The wages that workers were getting paid could hardly support a family. Entire families went to work, including women. Housing presented the most serious problem.

“What Is Hypnosis” Describe the Psychological and...

What is hypnosis? Hypnosis has amazing benefits and can enhance people lives in many ways. In modern times, it is unfortunate that Hypnosis is seen as a method of entertaining people instead of it being respected for its true aspects. In reality, hypnosis bears little resemblance to these stereotyped images, as it can improve focus and general well-being mentally and physically. It is a cooperative interaction in which the participant responds to the suggestions of the hypnotist. It can also be described as a sleep like trance state or better expressed as a relaxed creative mind, focused by the individual. Despite stories about people being hypnotised out of their consent hypnosis requires voluntary participation on the part of the†¦show more content†¦These are around 4 to 8 cycles per second. Theta waves are associated with a much deeper calmness and serenity. This is where a person can access their intuition and their gateway to learning. Interestingly, while driving a long a route that we know very well we can go into Theta waves, if suddenly another car came towards us in a dangerous way we would suddenly go straight into Beta Waves so that we can drive safely. The reason we do this, is when we are engaging in activity we know so well we can mentally disengage and indulge in creativity. The last frequency which is the slowest is around 1 - 4 and this called Delta Waves. This state is complete rest and detached awareness. It can be described as a very deep hypnotic state and sleep. We can never go down to zero as this would mean we are brain dead and as we fall asleep we go from beta, alpha, theta waves and then delta. When we wake up we do the same in reverse as we cannot jump from one to the other. This is the state that allows us to access our subconscious mind therefore, we can perform hypnosis successfully. The psychological aspects of hypnotherapy are associated with people’s behaviour. Two of the most recognised psychologists are Stanley Milgram and Soloman Asch. Soloman Asch constructed a series of studies of social influence known as conformity and obedience in psychological terms, conformity refers to an individuals tendency to follow the unspoken rulesShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.2077 Words   |  9 Pageswords 2003 What is Hypnosis? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. For this essay I will start by looking at the question what is hypnosis? I will look at the way hypnosis is perceived and look at some of the reasons for this, a brief history of hypnosis and some of the individuals who have had a hand in shaping its path to what it is today. When describing the psychological and physical aspects I will look at personalRead Moreâ€Å"What Is Hypnosis?† Describe the Physical and Psychological Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.2086 Words   |  9 Pages2017 â€Å"What is hypnosis?† Describe the physical and psychological aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. Hypnosis is a very natural state of consciousness in which we are able to completely relax our mind and body, it is not in any way a magic spell that has been put on a person, nor does it hold any mystical powers or is it supernatural in anyway. Hypnosis causes the person hypnotised to display and experience both physical and psychological changes. RelaxationRead MoreWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.2059 Words   |  9 PagesWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. Before we can begin to discuss anything about hypnotherapy, it is important to discuss what hypnosis actually is. This essay aims to arrive at a definition of hypnosis by describing the psychological and physical aspects and looking at it use by hypnotherapists and the role of relaxation within this. The history of hypnosis dates back to the times of ancient Egypt andRead MoreWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.1886 Words   |  8 Pagesthis essay will explore how hypnosis has been defined in both the past and the present. I will explain my understanding of hypnosis as well as exploring the history of hypnosis, its origins and how it was first practiced. I shall also detail some of the techniques used and the psychological and physical changes which occur during hypnosis. Finally I will discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy and look at some of the reasons that individuals wish to undergo hypnosis and the benefits they mayRead MorePsychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy2052 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"What is hypnosis?† Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy Hypnosis can be traced as far back as the ancient Egyptians where it was used as a means of curing illnesses through suggestion, it was known as the curing sleep. Hypnosis can be described as a sleep like trance and a state of heightened relaxation, that hypnotists today call a trance state this is where you are more susceptible to suggestion and influence. HypnosisRead MoreEssay on The Multi-Layered Nature of Hypnosis2466 Words   |  10 PagesEssay Title: â€Å"What is Hypnosis† Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy 2189 words Hypnosis is a complex concept. Forms of hypnosis have been around for thousands of years, with a more detailed historical account of the development and practice of modern hypnosis being available largely from the 18th Century onwards. No one definition of what we understand under the term hypnosis is exactly the same, in the sameRead MoreChrysalis Year One What is Hypnosis?2473 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"What is Hypnosis?† Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. ‘No-one really knows what hypnosis is; this is part of the attraction of the view that there really is no such thing.’ (Waterfield 2011, Introduction) Hypnosis, as a term and as a practice, is shrouded in centuries of mystery and surrounded by misconception. Even the word itself, derived from the Greek ‘hypnos’, meaning sleep, is misleading; most peopleRead MoreHypnosis Past and Present2242 Words   |  9 Pagesanswering the question What is Hypnosis?. It will describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and will be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. It will give a brief history of hypnosis. 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Family And Its Structure As Described By Solomon Essay

Topic in Solomon: I am focusing on the family and its structure as described by Solomon in chapter 10. Delving deep into the concepts of extended and nuclear families, family life cycles, different roles and responsibilities in families. The families I will study (see background section for more information) are actually quite distinct in terms of structure and age. Therefore, I will have a glimpse into interactions within the families and between them. I will observe how decisions are made differently in my family--whether they’re autonomic or syncretic. Solomon describes autonomoic decisions as those made by one family member, whereas syncretic ones involve others’ input as well. I can see if there actually is gender convergence within the families, as most of them are forward thinking and liberal. According to Solomon, gender convergence is when roles stereotyped to a certain gender are flipped and taken on by the other. Background: My dad’s side of our extended family is composed of three nuclear families: my family; my dad’s brother’s family; and my dad’s sister’s family. None of us are very close due to issues dating back to when my dad and his siblings were kids. However, we celebrate the major holidays together for the sake of my grandparents, and because we all live in the Chicago area. Hypothesis: I believe the three families in attendance will not mingle or mix much. Because they are my dad’s family, roles that my mom traditionally takes on (like makingShow MoreRelatedThe Puzzle Of A Perfect Puzzle1590 Words   |  7 Pagesand become someone who they are not. But at the end of the day, that is their identity. Andrew Solomon wrote a book named â€Å"Far From the Tree† about parents, children and their search for identity. 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Although, as abolitionists, we have a history of disagreements among us, it time to put a stop toRead MoreKings David and Solomon: from 10th Century B.C.E. to Present Day Controversy1883 Words   |  8 PagesKings David and Solomon: From 10th Century B.C.E. to present day Controversy Introduction Perhaps the most famous Old Testament Kings, as well as two of the most famous Hebrew heroes of all time were, King Solomon and his father King David. Their stories have been told time and time again throughout the ages: passed down orally for centuries, then later reproduced and shared all over the globe as intricate portions of many historical religious texts including the Torah, the Koran and the HolyRead MoreMitochondrial Pathway Of Mitochondrial And Mitochondrial Permeability Transition977 Words   |  4 Pages(MPT) pore which is controlled by members of the Bcl-2 family proteins. This large family of proteins is defined by the presence of conserved Bcl-2 homology domains (BH1 to BH4). 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When he dies, the kingdom splits apart. Davids descendantsRead More The African-American Nightmare Exposed in Black Literature Essay2231 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican-American Nightmare Exposed in Olaudah Equiano, Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Song of Solomon, and Push    The American Dream was founded on the concept that all men are created equal(Jefferson 729) and that everyone has the capability and resources to pull themselves up by their bootstraps. The Declaration of Independence was written so Americans could achieve this dream, but was not written with the African slave in mind. The African slave was never intended to be a part of thisRead MoreHuckleberry Finn2439 Words   |  10 Pagesthis novel when it was first released. This author takes the people’s reactions and builds upon the ideas and reveals how the novel was in all actuality a genius piece of literature. A person’s original thoughts about this critical piece could be described as agreeable and commendable. Some reasoning behind this would be the quote stated from the article â€Å"they rejected its portrayal of a slave and an uneducated, poor boy as the most typical kind of American citizens† was reasonably true. People from

Ocean pollution free essay sample

Ocean pollution Hannah Waddell Ocean pollution is a growing problem and affects people as well. It is a growing problem that needs to be stopped and controlled immediately. Taking care of our water will be beneficial for our long-term survival. If we put off this problem any longer, the prices will only escalade even higher. We need water to survive and the ocean is one of the greatest water suppliers. The actions we take or do not take will affect the future in either a negative or a positive way. Something must be done about it and we are going to need help from every country if we want to make an impact. The idea that the ocean is indestructible and excessively big to be effected by humans is now gone. ThinkQuest wrote a very informative article about pollution and one of their main points was, if people know more about pollution in the ocean, then they will know more about how to stop pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean pollution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are completely right; not very many people realize how much their daily lives can affect lives. We need to make the world more educated about how they can make a change. This article also talks about the many forms of pollution that many people do not realize. Such as, garbage dumping, wastewater, boat pollution, agriculture, land clearing, and most importantly, people. They also made a strong statement saying, We must stop these problems because if we dont, we will hurt and maybe even kill our sea life. Our fish and sea creatures are suffering the most from our actions and the sad thing is, is that hey can do nothing to stop it. Contaminating the oceans will damage every living thing whether we like it or not. One of the biggest contenders is oil contamination. Oil can kill wildlife and contribute to economic losses and climate change. A study recently done on oil pollution by Oceana says that an oil spill could be impossible to clean up. Oil spills are transported occasionally and are very prone to accidents, which can be catastrophic and harmful. There was an oil spill recently in the Gulf of Mexico which [released] 200 million gallons of dangerous and damaging oil into the marine environment. This catastrophe still has not stopped harming our oceans. Of course, nothing is done on purpose and never planned but we need to do everything in our power to prevent this problem from happening. There is one constant argument that is commonly heard is that ocean pollution is necessary for industry, and more industry means more Jobs, which means a better economy. I understand this argument but also their will always be alternative ways to roduce things we need. There is natural energy that we can use that does not affect the ecosystem the way ocean pollution does. Do people not realize the every living organism needs water to survive and that most of the earth is water? I do not understand why we are not more careful about what we put in it then. The ocean serves as a source of energy, raw materials and most of all food like fish and seaweed. Taking action would be greatly advised in this situation if you want the future of our world to be flourishing. ocean pollution By hannahw195

Impact Of Economics And Science During The 19Th Century Essays

Impact Of Economics And Science During The 19Th Century Steve Dohl 3/13/01 Pre IB His/Geo The impact of Economics and Science during the 19th Century In the period from c. 1850-1914 economics and science were changing the world and lifestyles. Adam Smith introduced the idea of capitalism and gave the idea that mercantilism is bad (lessie faire). Smith said that self-interest and individual efforts benefit society and contribute to the common good. Malthus and Ricardo had pretty much the same idea. The both believed that the poor should help themselves and not rely on the government. Malthus believed that if we helped the poor they would have more babies and that would mean unavoidable poverty, famine, and misery. Bentham and Mill had the exact opposite idea of Malthus and Ricardo. Bentham and Mill believed that the laws and the government should help the poor and improve living conditions. Science also had an impact on the society and the way we live our lives. Darwin (c.1850) developed the theory of Evolution and wrote two books about it, one of those books being Origin of Species. Social Darwinism is applied to people or groups of people. Mendel, an Austrian munk, studied genetics through pea plants. He discovered that every offspring inherits traits from their parents. Pavlov studied conditioned responses. He held a treat in front of the dogs nose and rang a bell and it salivated. After awhile he just had to ring the bell for the dog to salivate. Music Essays

The University Of Oxford Essays - Oxbridge, Russell Group

The University Of Oxford Essays - Oxbridge, Russell Group The University Of Oxford The University of Oxford The University of Oxford in Oxford, England is a very old and distinguished institution. Oxford University has been in existence for around nine centuries (Brief 1). It is the oldest English speaking university in the world (History 1). There is no exact date when the University was established, but there is some evidence of teaching going on around 1096 (Kenny 2). There are said to be several different founders of the University, but there is no way to designate one over another. Oxford was always struggling to prove it self as being a serious university. This is because of its great rival university in Paris, which got most of the spotlight in the earlier days. Oxford is rich in its origins and history, which is due to its extremely old background. Even though Oxford is such a distinguished institution it does have a past of problems. The University has a history of altercations with the townspeople, which involves fights, major crimes, and conflicts over the unfair treatment the t ownspeople received due to the University. The Universitys relations with authority came with an abundance of privileges. The king and other leaders always put the Universitys needs before the townspeople. Oxford also demanded a great deal from its students, whose lives revolved around the University. Oxford was an extremely difficult school whose courses were of the highest quality. Oxford University is a very important part of Englands history and society today. Oxford Universitys origins, relations with town and authority, students, and curriculum make it of the most important and significant institutions of all time. Oxford University has had many situations, people, and events that have helped in its growth. Oxfords location is in an ideal place for a major university. It is located on the confluence of the Rivers Cherwill and Thames (Oxford 1). Since Oxford is not a great cathedral city its location is one of the things that helped it gain people and popularity in its earlier days (Leff 77). The fact that royal and religious people surrounded Oxford also attracted visitors and students to its whereabouts (Leff 77). Henry I built a palace at Woodstock, which is only a few miles down the road from Oxford (Leff 77). There are also two monasteries built around Oxford, which brought the religious people to the city (Leff 77). One of the major events in Oxfords past, which helped to bring students to the city, is when King Henry III banned English students from attending Paris University in 1167 (Story 4). This forced the English students who were attending Paris to come to Oxford if they wanted to continue their studies. King Henry IIIs ban greatly boosted the number of students attending Oxford University. These are a few of the major things that helped in the growth of Oxford University. The origins of an individual being the head of the school at Oxford are unknown to this day, but there are bits and pieces of historic information that show early leaders. There is some mention of a master of schools around 1201, but there is no chancellor in existence at that time (Thompson 2). In 1214 a charter of liberties, this involves the punishment of the townspeople, contains the first reference to a chancellor (Leff 79). The year 1214 marked the inauguration of a chancellor at Oxford University, whose name is Robert Grosseteste (Leff 79). The chancellor at Oxford symbolized something different than at its rival Paris University. At Oxford the chancellor stands for self-rule because, he was in the society of masters. While at Paris the chancellor was not in the society of masters so he would symbolize alien rule. Probably one of the earliest known teachers is Theobald Stampenisis in 1117 (Leff 77). He taught European fame and is said to have had around fifty pupils while he w as at Oxford (Leff 77). Emo of Friesland was the first student to attend Oxford from overseas in 1190 (History 1). His arrival marked the beginning of Oxford Universitys tradition of international scholarships. These are just a few of the notable leaders who brought about great things to Oxford University. Oxford Universitys relations with authority were something like a parent

SWOT Analysis and Table Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SWOT Analysis and Table - Essay Example Strengths in this market environment is an internal organizational quality that enables the business to survive and compete against other similar stores, e.g. good positive cash flow. A weakness is also an internal organizational problem that affects it negatively while giving an opportunity to rivals such as accumulating bad debt. An opportunity comes basically from the external environment such as a rival’s inability to meet demand. Finally a threat is also a basically external matter, e.g. a rival’s sales promotion campaigns. SWOT analysis enables the organization to plan and execute its programmes of action with a degree of certainty about the external environmental factors that influence its own existence. A baby store would necessarily be faced with a number of external economic influences such as the government policies on taxation, interest rates, inflation, money supply, balance of payments, Gross Domestic Product, National Income, foreign governments’ protectionist policies and so on. Imported baby-care products would be more expensive if the government imposes a higher import tariff on them. The government might impose higher corporation taxes in order to control inflation. This would affect the business in a number of ways. For instance a baby store which depends much more on imported products would find that higher tariffs to be a threat to its survival, especially in the long run. It might find it difficult to reduce prices to match its rivals’ prices. Rivals might be selling domestic products that are not subject to taxes except some GST or BTT. This gives them an advantage over rivals that sell imported products. Higher sales taxes imposed on baby care products by the government in order to control inflation also could affect them. Baby stores are affected by such taxes because now people buy less (McIntyre-Mills, 2004, p.373). Next

Investments in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology Essay

Investments in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology - Essay Example By thoroughly realizing and examining these questions that need to be addressed, then we will be able to come to a much more informed and understanding viewpoint on this subject matter at hand, and as well we will be able to thus come up with new and innovative strategies in regards to what methods and means should be taken in order to put a more positive spin on this matter overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. There are truly many different benefits when we speak of the term CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) issues, and what CIM really is needs to be properly understood before any further measures can be taken in this regards. In all actuality, CIM is "a manufacturing philosophy in which the functions for the organization, from product definition to the disposition of the final product, are achieved using computer, communication, and information technologies" (Wikipedia, 2007). There are basically three different components that are considered and known as being essential in regards to the implementation of flexible design and manufacturing in this regards, and this includes that of the following three components: the means for data storage, retrieval, manipulation and presentation; the mechanisms by which to sense state and modify substance; and lastly, the methodologies by which to unite them. The CIM phase is the phase which is "used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes functioning under computer control and digital information tying them together" (Rockford Consulting Group, 1999). Basically then the CIM phase is without a doubt one of the most crucial, and there are quite obviously many different benefits that are gained from CIM overall. Why Might DCF Methods not Take These Benefits Into Consideration When Evaluating CIM Investments There are actually again quite a few answers when it comes to the reasoning as to why DCF methods may not take the benefits that are concluded as being from CIM processes into consideration when they are evaluating CIM investments; first we must understand what the DCF really is, in order to understand better. The DCF (discounted cash flow) is a means in this regards which uses certain methods of analysis which have both in the past and recently come under certain criticism. It really began in the 1980s when the use of these DCF methods began coming under this criticism, and in particular they were found to be especially deficient when they were being used to evaluate investments in CIM technologies, as many critics claimed and pressed to argue the fact that these DCF methods of analys

Using Alternative Materials In A Racing Car Engineering Essay

Using Alternative Materials In A Racing Car Engineering Essay Materials play a very important role in functioning of any Machine. The idea of using alternative materials in a racing car is often an option used by the designers to improve the overall performance of the car. But the growing research on new materials creates confusion for the Racing car designers. The failure of material plays the most significant role in any kind of loss in a racing car. Engineers design the car and select the material in such a way that, the materials is able to cope with all the forces acting on the car and also weigh as less as possible. The overall weight of the car is dependent on the properties of the materials. In this report an effort is made to identify these materials used in the current Formula 1 cars and suggest alternatives, which shall provide us a solution for the material selection criteria considering the cost, availability, environmental effect in manufacturing parts from this materials and also end of life issues of these materials. In this rep ort we are going to review the work done till the end of May on this project. An overview of the current materials used and the reasons for the selection materials for the various components of the formula 1 car is briefly described in this report. Introduction: Formula 1 is one of the most rapidly developing sport, as far as research and development is concerned. New technologies are discovered and used on the car every year in order to win the races. Materials are also an option for the designers to get the weight distribution of the car as desired. The weight of the car is dependent on the materials used for construction. FIA has its regulations on the minimum weight of the car that is 605 kg for the 2010 season. But using exotic materials designers can design the car for about 450 500 kgs. And the rest is used by ballast for improving the weight distribution of the car. Materials selection for a formula 1 car is one of the most significant decisions for the designer. It also reflects the sustainability of the materials with respect to environmental concerns. The four main factors upon which the designers relies when considering materials choice are the relationship between materials specifications and technical performance of the product, the economic performance of the product, the environmental performance of the product the practice of industrial design embedded in the product and its Functionality as told by Clark and Ashby. In formula 1 because of the high budgets the economic issue is not really big atleast with the major teams. Thus the designer has the liberty to use as exotic material as he wants for achieving the minimum weight of the car. Critical components such as engine, suspension, brakes, and wheels play a major part in the performance of the car. The materials to be selected for these components need a deep research on the forces and temperatures achieved in these parts. Reducing the overall weight of the car is not difficult. Designers achieve the overall weight of the car well below the minimum specified FIA limit. The main achievement for the designers is to get the overall weight distribution. But apart from these performance issues there are many other issues which need directive. FIA has banned certain materials such as non ferrous alloys and Berillium alloys for Health and Safety requirements. But because F1 is a glamorous sport with high budgets and speed, environmental concern due to materials used is least analysed. It is very important, that the materials to be used in the sport should be environmental friendly considering the LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS, RECYCLING and THE AVAILABLITY OF THE MATERIALS IN FUTURE, etc. In this project an effort is made to analyse the current materials used with respect to these environmental issues and suggest alternatives. This project particularly aims at the F1 industry for the selection of alternative materials for specific components which can benefit them further. Use of CES software will be done, which is industry Standard software to select materials depending on their particular application of components. Although this project is more of a research project the outcomes from the project can be used for future F1 industry and also to the high end Motor industry as well as other motorsport sectors. The project aims at providing industry relevant solutions via research on the current materials being used and also on the future materials that can be used. With the help of the CES software we will be trying to find materials which can meet the requirements of the components and then with literature obtained from the books and journals we shall try to figure out the best possible materials for the use. Objectives: The Objectives of the project are shown below. Identification of some of the most critical parts in an F1 car. The functions of each critical component analysed in the car. Find the materials currently used for each component in the F1 industry. Use CES package based on function of component to determine alternative material for the same purpose. Evaluate materials against existing materials in terms of performance, cost and manufacturing feasibility, end of life issues and recycling. To produce a report that can act as a reference for selection of materials for F1 applications. Background: Formula 1 is the only automotive sport which brings revolutionary changes to the field of automotive racing. Over a period of years Formula1 has provided numerous technologies and advances in the field. The use of light weight aluminium back in 1970s to use of Carbon fibre in mid 1980s in the field of automotive racing, all was introduced by Formula 1. Thus it can be said that Formula 1 has a big influence over the automotive industry in terms of technologies. But sometimes, certain advantages can be gained similarly at a fairly less cost or by using materials which causes less damage to the environment. Also there is further a scope for the designers to further improve their car based on the performance provided by the materials used to make the car. Structure of report: In this report we will be covering the topics finished by now and a brief discussion of the work to be done in near future. Every topic of the report shall cover the objectives in parts. The critical parts of the car, their function and the materials currently used have been finished till now. These topics will be further explained in details. 2.0. Literature Review: 2.1. Introduction: F1 is developing rapidly, with increasing competition for higher performance and energy efficiency, new materials and processing techniques are required to underpin these developments. [5]. and also because of the industrial recession the competition has further intensified and the importance of selection of materials has grown even further more. The need for recognition of function of a component in order to provide the most technically advanced as well as economic means of meeting this functional requirements is becoming more vital, so that there can be a better communication between the design engineer and materials engineer. [4]. in todays world we have more materials then even before and thus the scope of innovation is immense. But in order to make this innovation a standard procedure is required which we are going to follow in this project. [2]. The references which exist on such a specific study tend to focus on individual material for a particular job. [1]. in this project I would like to count all the eligible materials for the various tasks and then compare them without limiting the factual data on each subject. Particularly in F1 there are mandatory rules and regulations which every racing team has to follow. Hence there is very little to choose from. [1]. But it is also very important to know how much of environmental effect this materials cause whilst in production. There are many materials which provide the optimum properties, but at a very high price. And there are many materials which provide less properties but at a very low price as compared. But as we know that in formula 1 cost is not the priority, performance is the main priority. [6]. Thus the materials selected should not sacrifice the performance in fact increase the performance at the same time trying to reduce the cost. In the initial days the chassis were made of steel, later it was made of aluminium. But now they are made out of carbon fibre and honeycomb material. [6]. and thus, as the time progresses the overall weight of car is decreasing, and at the same time performance is increasing. Thus the need is to decrease the weight and increase the performance. And as the technology progresses this need for lighter and more efficient materials further increases. [3]. 2.2. A brief overview of materials: 2.2.1. Aluminium and its alloys: Aluminium is one of the most common materials to be used in the Automotive Industry, as some of aluminium alloys provide tensile strength superior to those of low carbon steels at same time weigh 1/3 the weight of steel. 2024 is the primary structural aluminium alloy and has exceptional strength and stability at high temperature. It was exclusively used for Disc brake top hats and for aluminium flywheels. At high operating temperatures in the disc and the flywheels, 2024 is the most suitable aluminium alloy. 6061-T6 extrusions are used for joining pieces and for corners, most of the brackets are fabricated from this aluminium alloy. 7075 is the strongest and the stiffest of the commonly available aluminium alloys. It is the most suitable aluminium alloy for machining and is very commonly used for bushings, spacers, and machined suspension components as steering arms, antiroll bar and any straight suspension links. 2.2.2. Magnesium: For a low budget team Magnesium can be considered as the most common and strongest material. It has very good mechanical properties and stiffness. Magnesium alloys are considered to be the best suitable material for machining as compared to other metal materials. It possesses exceptional welding, forging and casting characteristic. It is also a very low density material. But Magnesium has a very high risk of fire. In the form of dust or powder, magnesium is a very dangerous material. Because of this the FIA has banned the use of Magnesium for particular uses. Magnesium also has a tendency to corrode form inside when exposed to salty air. Thus racing at the race tracks like monoco where the track is near the sea. Chances of corrosion are very high. With such high budgets, precision and accuracy, such a chance of using magnesium is avoided. 2.2.3. Titanium: From the past couple of decades, titanium has been the ace of material for race car designers. It delivers the strength of high alloy steels and the weight of aluminium. Even though the price of titanium is very high, as discussed before in Formula1cost is not issue and hence titanium is highly suitable. Oxides of titanium comprise about 0.5% of the earths crust thus making Titanium an exotic material. Titanium is exclusively used for making Forged hubs, brake disc top hats, tubular and sheet suspension linkage fabrications, threaded fasteners and Exhaust systems. Titanium is very resistant to Fatigue from vibration. Commercially pure titanium is probably the best bet for manufacturing F1 components. The exhaust made out of titanium are considerably lighter than 321 stainless steel and infinitely lighter than mild steel at the same time very much stronger at elevated temperatures and virtually fatigue proof. 2.2.4. Honeycomb material: Honey comb material is a fairly old material to be used in Motorsport industry. It was first used in 1950s. Honeycomb sandwich materials are generally composed of aluminium face skins bonded to a core of Hexagonal shaped formed from aluminium foil. It forms continuous shear webs between the face skins, resulting in light panels of exceptional stiffness which are capable of carrying extreme loads with very little deflection. The importance of honey comb was realised after 1966 when Ford used it in historic victory at the Le Mans in its MARK IV which was later called as Ford GT. Aluminium honeycomb installed with the cells longitudinally oriented makes the most efficient energy absorbing structure. But as time has progressed, aluminium honeycomb is replaced by fibreglass honeycomb. The advantages of this new hybrid honeycomb over aluminium honey comb are as follows. Composite face skins of honeycomb structure tend to localize the impact damage and also are very easy to repair. Hybrid honey comb has good characteristics for machining. Hybrid honeycomb material is corrosion proof, non flammable and nontoxic. Hence even by health and safety standards along with high strength and stiffness, they have replaced the traditional aluminium honeycomb material. 2.2.5. Composite materials: The use of high strength lightweight composite materials has brought a revolution in use of materials in industry. The era of composite materials in F1 was started by the McLarens team. They had formed the first formula 1 tub from a composite sandwich composed of face skins of aluminium sheet bonded to the core of edge grained BALSA wood called MALLITE. This resulted in a tub structure with high torsional stiffness. Composite materials are not new to the field of engineering. They were discovered way before the time. It is nothing but a combination of two or materials to form a third material with desired characteristics. Composite materials consist of fibres or filaments of an element whose fibres exhibit high tensile strength and lack rigidity. For instance, even wood is a composite material. The most common used composite material in todays world of Formula 1 is Carbon fibre. More than 95% of the McLarens F1 car is constructed in high performance advanced carbon epoxy composite ma terial. A formula 1 car consists of many components whose duty ranges. The bodywork required a very low mass and moderate stiffness material to the survival cell which requires an extremely high stiffness structure. This requirement is best fulfilled by the composite material. The composites used in F1 are supplied in prepreg form and they need to be vacuum bagged and then cured in an autoclave. This product then needs manual trimming and machining, and boding in order to form the final product. Thus we can say that the process is rather a labour intensive, time consuming and very expensive process. F1 is an industry where low volume and extremely high quality product is desired with huge budgets. Composite materials just fit right in the situation for a F1 car designer. Fibreglass is an example of a composite material which is not exactly expensive as compared to other composite materials. But it has a disadvantage of brittleness and is comparatively heavy. 2.3. Factors governing the Selection of materials in future: In a high end motorsport such as formula 1 there are numerous factors which need to be addressed while selecting a material. The sport as always is at the pinnacle of performance, but not environmentally. There are certain environmental factors which needs special attention and are briefly discussed in this topic. 2.3.1. Life cycle analysis. (LCA). Life cycle analysis is basically evaluation of a material throughout its life span. Life cycle analysis evaluates the material right from its manufacture to the recycling of the material. Evaluation is made on the basis of CO2 emissions, energy and cost of materials. Life cycle analysis will be a main consideration for all the materials to be selected in the future [1]. Because we are aiming at the F1 industry, where mass production is not the main concern, life cycle analysis will help us in comparing the materials which cost the minimum and would be low on energy and emissions throughout its life. The figure below shows the whole life cycle analysis process. Figure 1: life cycle analysis process. Figure 2: total life cycle assessment. Composite materials are very effective in terms of weight reduction [9]. But in terms of life cycle analysis more research is to be carried out about the effect of manufacturing and recycling composite materials [6]. We have some data regarding it. Some research papers conclude that materials like Balsa core and PVC foam sandwich has far better life cycle results as compared to super steel. 2.3.2. Recycling: When we consider composites in terms of recycling, the composite waste is a very interesting and in some ways very difficult. Composite waste consists of polymer with high performance, but it contains only 50-80% of recoverable energy of the polymer. Hence we can say that composite materials are better as recovered material rather than recovered energy. Also as per the research, long fibre waste has more useful characteristics when compared to short fibre composite waste. The most important factor for recycling of composite materials is the orientation of the fibre after it has been used. There are several techniques already invented for recycling of materials such as, Mechanical processing, thermal processing, fluidised bed process, pyrolysis processes etc [4]. It is therefore estimated that in the future there will be many more processes that shall be invented in order to reduce the landfill and the material wasted. These are the two main environmental issues which needs attention when selecting materials. Even thought they are not an essential part while selecting the material, as performance is the most important need in F1, it needs some attention to make the sport environmental friendly. 2.3.3. Safety Factors: It is very important that the material which is selected for the use in F1 cars is 100% a safe material and should not possess any danger even in the event of a high speed accident. The materials should not be poisonous in any form and also should not react with other materials. Because F1 is a high speed sport, it is very necessary that the material selected should be complied with high strength requirements of F1. 2.4. The critical components of Formula 1 car to be assessed in this project. 2.4.1. Engine: The FIA has many rules and regulations specifying the use of materials in the construction of an engine. The following the regulations. 1]. Minimum weight of 95 kg should be there for each 2.4 litre v8 engine. 2]. Engine blocks should be constructed from Forged aluminium alloys for weight reduction in comparison to steel. 3]. to limit the costs, FIA has banned the use of non ferrous materials in Engine block. 4]. Magnesium based alloys, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) and Intermetallic materials may not be used anywhere in an engine. 5]. Coatings are free provided the total coating thickness does not exceed 25% of the section thickness of the underlying base material in all axes. 6]. in all cases the relevant coating must not exceed 0.8mm. 7]. Pistons must be manufactured from an aluminium alloy which is either Al-Si; Al-Cu; Al-Mg or Al-Zn based. 8]. Piston pins, crankshafts and camshafts must be manufactured from an iron based alloy and must be machined from a single piece of material. Thus selecting a material for the engine has relatively less choices. In 1998 Mercedes Benz tried to use Berillium alloys in their engines. This gave them an additional advantage of weight loss and drastic performance gain. This also led Mikka Hakkinen to win the world title 2 times consecutively. But later FIA decided that Berillium alloys were too poisonous in large quantities and thus banned the use of it. Thus using the right materials at the very right place is what makes F1 engines so interesting for the designers. As Senior General Manager Engine Luca Marmorini of the Toyota Panasonic team said, In the engine we use almost every kind of material you can on a Formula 1 car, for example you can see aluminium made with complex casting techniques but you also see carbon material. It is very important to keep the centre of gravity of the engine very low so we tend to put the very light parts on the upper part and the heavy parts on the bottom. The exact materials used by the formula1 teams for year 2010 are given in the results and discussion section. http://a5.vox.com/6a00c22521b9fc549d00d4144481ad6a47-500pi Figure 3: F1 Engine block. 2.4.2. Bodywork: This is a very important part of an F1 car. The materials used for bodywork basically define the weight of the car. Over the years numerous materials have been tried on the bodywork of the F1 car. All the light and ultra strong materials are basically revolutionized after they have been used on an F1 car. The materials to be used here should possess the property of being very strong, light in weight and ability to transform in to the required shape which shall give the aerodynamic edge. In the 1960 light weight aluminium was the solution to bodywork. But then Aluminium honeycomb material was developed which was effectively used for another decade along ultra light aluminium sheets. But then in the mid 1980s carbon fibre was discovered. Initially it was only used by the high budget teams as the cost was too high at that time. But then as the time progressed, the price of carbon fibre has decreased considerably and thus used for about 80% of the construction of the car by almost every team. Honey comb structures are still used to meet the safety requirements. http://lotusenthusiast.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/F1R2.jpg Figure 4: F1 2010 Bodywork. 2.4.3. Fuel tanks: Fuel tank is a component of the car which needs exclusive safety features. They should weigh as less as possible, just like any other F1 component, but at the same time should be very strong and 100% leak proof. FIA has strong regulations on the manufacture of fuel tanks. They need to leak proof even in the case of accidents and designer need it to strategically placed, as it carries the weight of the fuel which can disturb the weight distribution of the car. Nowadays the fuel tanks are manufactured from a composite of Kevlar and rubber in F1, unlike aluminium welded fuel tanks in other low end motor racing. The combination of Kevlar and rubber provides an ultra light weight fuel tank which is very strong as well as puncture proof. The detail of manufacturer and composition is given in the results and discussion section. http://wheelnutsjournal.typepad.com/.a/6a0120a5145462970b0120a8cb6ecf970b-800wi Figure 5: ATL Fuel tank of 2010 F1 car. 2.4.4. Brakes: As we know this is one component of the formula 1 car where absolutely no compromise are allowed. A good braking car can result in 10% lap time savings. Thus the materials needed for brakes also need to be light, strong, withstand high temperatures and provide as much as friction possibly allowable for maximum braking. Cooling is a very important factor to be considered when selecting the brakes. There are certain materials which can withstand high temperatures but then struggle to cool down. This can prove to be very costly at end laps of the race. To avoid the problem of cooling, brake ducts are introduced on the cars. This allows simultaneous cooling of the brakes. Carbon fibre shield is used all round the brakes to avoid the heat transfer from brakes to wheel rims. Team like Red bull use the advanced technique of rapid prototyping materials. The big advantage of rapid prototyping is to eliminate the labour of making mould and thus saving time. From the olden days where steel brakes where used, to recent times where Carbon ceramic brake pads are used as the main force for braking. These are very high friction materials and provide the desired braking. Toro Rosso STR3 brake system Figure 6: Ferrari 2009 F1 Brakes of front right. 2.4.5. Wheel rims: Wheel rims rotate at a very high speed. Also high temperatures are achieved within the wheel rim. Thus the material to be selected needs to fulfil both the requirements as well as weigh minimum. The material selected which comes in contact with the tyre also influences the contact patch area between the tyre and the road surface. The FIA regulations state that the wheel rims should be made from single metal flow. This is very necessary and critical from strength point of view. Also there are no regulations on specific materials to be used. Wheel rims are basically manufactured by a company and then supplied to the individual F1 teams. In the recent times, Magnesium alloy is the best suitable material for the construction wheel rims. click to zoom Figure 7: Ferrari 2010 F1 Front right Wheel Rim. 2.4.6. Gear box: The gear box in a F1 car is similar to that of the road car in terms of functions and basic operations. But in an F1 car the gear box has to transfer nearly about 900 BHP to the rear wheels. These needs very strong clutch and Gearbox. Also the weight of the gearbox is very critical. The clutch of an F1 gear box just weighs close to 1.5 kgs, which is like 2-3 times lighter of that of a road car. Also the cover of the gear box casing is made from carbon fibre. Since the gear box is such a critical component of the car, special and exotic materials needs to be used which can satisfy the high demand of speed and temperatures achieved in the gear box. Gear box is a complex component in terms of construction and hence the materials to be used for it needs special ability of machining to the fine tolerance and shapes required. The figure below illustrated the complexity of shape and tolerance to be achieved in a gear box. http://v4admin.sportnetwork.net/upload/491/491_0_1210265553.jpg Figure 8: BMW SAUBER 2005 F1 Gearbox. 2.4.7. Suspension: Formula 1 suspension requires incredibly high stiffness at the same time high strength to withstand the bumps overcome by the car at speed of 200 mph. It is a very important component of the car as it directs the car understeer and oversteer characteristics. Also some high end formula team consider the aerodynamic forces due to the suspension linkage. Thus the materials to be selected for a Formula 1 cars suspension also need to fulfil the characteristics of machinability to the required aerodynamic shape along with very high stiffness and strength. Carbon fibre is proven to be a material with extremely high stiffness with very little weight and thus is used in the suspension of a F1 car. In the past times light weight aluminium was used for the suspension but did not prove to be as effective. Some designers have also tried using titanium for the suspension. But use titanium mainly depends on the budget of the team as it is a very exotic material as discovered before. The materials u sed by the F1 teams for 2010 season for suspension are further discussed in the results and discussion topic. The figure below demonstrates the suspension on a F1 car. http://www.virtualr.net/wp-content/gallery/1349/suspension21.jpg Figure 9: F1 suspension model. 2.5. Summary: Thus we have discussed the possible materials with their characteristics and past relevance to F1. The materials discussed are Aluminium, Magnesium, Titanium, Honeycomb material and Composite materials. We have also discussed the environmental factors such as Life cycle analysis and recycling to the safety factors required for the materials in order to be used in a high speed sport such as F1. Then finally we have discussed the components of the car which shall be taken into consideration for this project. They are Engine, bodywork, Fuel tank, Brakes, Wheel rims, Gearbox and suspension. The function and the criteria for the materials to be selected in this topic have been discussed briefly. 3.0. exPERIMENTAL / NUMERICAL METHODOLOGY A brief description of all the materials that can be considered for using in a Formula 1 car along with their structural properties is explained in the table exhibited below. The values of these structural properties of the materials are used to determine the materials to be used for the specified part. Also the cost of the materials is provided to check if the material is within the budget. Youngs Shear Breaking Fracture Thermal Cost Density Modulus Modulus Poissons Yield Stress UTS strain Toughness Expansion 3 -3/2 -6 MATERIAL Type ($/kg) ( Ã‚ ² ,Mg/m ) (E , GPa) (G , GPa) Ratio ( Ã‚ ® ) ( Ã‚ ³ Y , Mpa) ( Ã‚ ³ f ,Mpa) ( Ã‚ ¥ f , %) (K c ,MN m ) ( Ã‚ ¡ ,10 /C) Alumina (Al2O3) c 1.90 3.9 390 125 0.26 4800 35 0.0 4.4 8.1 Aluminium alloy (7075-T6) m 1.80 2.7 70 28 0.34 500 570 12 28 33 Beryllium alloy m 315.00 2.9 245 110 0.12 360 500 6.0 5.0 14 Bone (compact) n 1.90 2.0 14 3.5 0.43 100 100 9.0 5.0 20 Brass (70Cu30Zn, annealed) m 2.20 8.4 130 39 0.33 75 325 70.0 80 20 Cermets (Co/WC) ct 78.60 11.5 470 200 0.30 650 1200 2.5 13 5.8 CFRP Laminate (graphite) ct 110.00 1.5 1.5 53 0.28 200 550 2.0 38 12 Copper alloys m 2.25 8.3 135 50 0.35 510 720 0.3 94 18 Cork n 9.95 0.18 0.032 0.005 0.25 1.4 1.5 80 0.074 180 Epoxy thermoset p 5.50 1.2 3.5 1.4 0.25 45 45 4.0 0.50 60 GFRP Laminate (glass) ct 3.90 1.8 26 10 0.28 125 530 2.0 40 19 Glass (soda) c 1.35 2.5 65 26 0.23 3500 35 0.0 0.71 8.8 Granite c 3.15 2.6 66 26 0.25 2500 60 0.1 1.5 6.5 Ice (H2O) c 0.23 0.92 9.1 3.6 0.28 85 6.5 0.0 0.11 55 Lead alloys m 1.20 11.

An Analysis of Poems 585 and 754 Essay -- 585 754

An Analysis of Poems 585 and 754 Emily Dickinson’s use of poetic diction in poems 585 and 754 brings to life two inanimate objects, a train and a gun, both of which perform actions that are useful to man. Though these items cannot act on their own, Dickinson’s diction provides them with their own movements, characteristics, and feelings. In poem 585, a train’s daily journey is given a meaning beyond that of a cold, iron machine when Dickinson describes its animal qualities to show its strength, stubbornness, and perseverance. In poem 754, a gun is portrayed as a protective, devoted servant. In both of these poems, Emily Dickinson uses diction to give a train and a gun characteristics of animals to explain their behavior and feelings and to show how man uses them to his advantage and to meet his goals. In poem 585, Dickinson’s diction reveals traits of hunger and determination. In the first stanza, "I like to see it lap the Miles--/And lick the Valleys up--/And stop to feed itself at tanks" (ll. 1-3) describes the train as an animal that runs hungrily over great distances, devouring the land as it goes along, stopping occasionally to eat more substantial food to survive and to continue. Though it is able to perform powerful feats of transportation, the train needs nourishment, just like humans and animals do. With the following lines, Dickinson shows the determination of the train to meet his goal: "And, supercilious, peer/In Shanties—by the sides of Roads—And then a quarry pare/To fit its ribs" (ll. 6-9). These lines also suggest a stubborn determination. Even if the train has to crawl and cut through hundreds of yards of solid rock, nothing will stop this metal animal, not even a huge mountain. The train can drive... ...Why would the master need protection? In both poems, Emily Dickinson uses diction to provide the reader the opportunity to see inanimate objects with some human qualities, first in a determined, powerful train and then in a devoted, non-feeling gun. Though these are inanimate objects, the reader can get a sense of the influences and contributions they give to man. The train made a great impact on travel by allowing him to cover great distances in shorter times. It appears that this iron horse could take man anywhere. In Dickinson’s time the power of trains was an amazement in itself. With the rifle, man has control of something quite powerful, something that can kill but cannot be killed. With her skillful and interesting word choice, Dickinson brings to light the amazing strength of one object, the train, and the fearful power of another, the gun. An Analysis of Poems 585 and 754 Essay -- 585 754 An Analysis of Poems 585 and 754 Emily Dickinson’s use of poetic diction in poems 585 and 754 brings to life two inanimate objects, a train and a gun, both of which perform actions that are useful to man. Though these items cannot act on their own, Dickinson’s diction provides them with their own movements, characteristics, and feelings. In poem 585, a train’s daily journey is given a meaning beyond that of a cold, iron machine when Dickinson describes its animal qualities to show its strength, stubbornness, and perseverance. In poem 754, a gun is portrayed as a protective, devoted servant. In both of these poems, Emily Dickinson uses diction to give a train and a gun characteristics of animals to explain their behavior and feelings and to show how man uses them to his advantage and to meet his goals. In poem 585, Dickinson’s diction reveals traits of hunger and determination. In the first stanza, "I like to see it lap the Miles--/And lick the Valleys up--/And stop to feed itself at tanks" (ll. 1-3) describes the train as an animal that runs hungrily over great distances, devouring the land as it goes along, stopping occasionally to eat more substantial food to survive and to continue. Though it is able to perform powerful feats of transportation, the train needs nourishment, just like humans and animals do. With the following lines, Dickinson shows the determination of the train to meet his goal: "And, supercilious, peer/In Shanties—by the sides of Roads—And then a quarry pare/To fit its ribs" (ll. 6-9). These lines also suggest a stubborn determination. Even if the train has to crawl and cut through hundreds of yards of solid rock, nothing will stop this metal animal, not even a huge mountain. The train can drive... ...Why would the master need protection? In both poems, Emily Dickinson uses diction to provide the reader the opportunity to see inanimate objects with some human qualities, first in a determined, powerful train and then in a devoted, non-feeling gun. Though these are inanimate objects, the reader can get a sense of the influences and contributions they give to man. The train made a great impact on travel by allowing him to cover great distances in shorter times. It appears that this iron horse could take man anywhere. In Dickinson’s time the power of trains was an amazement in itself. With the rifle, man has control of something quite powerful, something that can kill but cannot be killed. With her skillful and interesting word choice, Dickinson brings to light the amazing strength of one object, the train, and the fearful power of another, the gun.

Biographical Data

This paper intends to answer the following questions: 1) Where can a manager find biographical data about an employee? 2) What can biographical data tell a manager about their employees? ; and 3) What can a manager do to get a compatible ability-job fit? It also aims to provide examples to support the answers. Where Can a Manager Find Biographical Data About an Employee?A manager can always look for credible biographical data with regards to an employee by requesting such information from the high school or college he or she attended (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ). In addition to that, employment records may also be looked into since one’s former employers are the ones who may convincingly attest to the employees’ behavior, consistency, truthfulness, flexibility, as well as, one’s ability to think critically (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ).Furthermore, special requests to look into court records may also be carried out to check if the employee has been or has not been involved in a crime; this will guarantee an employee’s character (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ). The same is true with credit history; if an employer knows about this then he will also know if one may be trusted, for instance, in terms of finances or monetary handling (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ).Last but not least, if a manager wants to know a bit more about personal qualifications or characteristics of an employee, then he or she may always look into the recommendations provided by the employees’ friends since they are the ones who know the real personality of the employee (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ). What Can a Biographical Data Tel l a Manager About their Employees? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reference HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories. (2001). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. hr-guide. com/data/G313. htm

Analysis Of The Movie The Verdict Essay - 953 Words

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